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Entities external to government agencies includes the following:

1. Civil society can be the owners of the data used by AI systems, or users who are directly or indirectly impacted by AI systems. They can investigate the use of AI in the public sector and publish their findings. Civil society helps shape government’s AI policy, programs and strategy to safeguard human rights. They include the public, academia and research, advocacy and media groups.
    
2. Oversight bodies review the extent to which agencies have implemented the standard. They enforce laws, assess compliance, and provide stakeholder confidence. They include the regulators, assurance teams, ethics officers and auditors. They can be internal or external to an agency.
    
3. Industry partners implement the standard for the products or services they provide. They may need to adopt the standard to conform with responsible AI principles and policies for government: They include government suppliers, managed services providers, consultants and contractors. They can range from startups to large corporations, local and international.
    
4. International organisations are interested in global collaboration and advancing interoperability. They include standards bodies, international governments and intergovernmental organisations.

The standard will impact roles and responsibilities at varying organisational levels. The following functions may be impacted and assisted by the standard, noting that individuals may perform multiple roles:

5. AI leaders in government shape the future of the public service and the safe and responsible use of AI across Australia, promoting public trust. They include government leaders, AI accountable officials (AO), executive boards, chief technology officers, chief data officers, chief information officers.
    
6. Business leadership teams identify, prioritise and schedule product features considering the requirements in the standard. Accountable and responsible for AI system deployment. They understand the problem that needs to be solved, the end-users and the wider operating environment of AI-enabled systems. They include senior responsible officers, business owners, product managers, project managers and delivery leads.
    
7. Technical leadership teams translate the standard into system-specific requirements and technical procurement requirements. They are the technical system owners. They design technology solutions for business problems. They ensure alignment with enterprise architecture principles and patterns. They include the technical leads, enterprise architects and system analysts. They design technology solutions for business problems.
    
8. Development teams apply the standard to solution from concept and prototyping, design, implementation, integration and testing of AI systems. They include the AI scientists, data engineers, data labellers, software developers, application developers, infrastructure engineers, user and customer experience specialists, test specialists, integrators, and cybersecurity.
    
9. Operations teams apply the standard on continuous deployment, testing, and monitoring of an AI system. They operate AI systems and ensure reliable delivery of services. They include service delivery representatives, technical support, security operations, system administrators, hosting engineers, network engineers, DevOps engineers and maintenance personnel. They need to understand the capability and limitations of the AI systems they are deploying, operating, or using.